贵阳市气压、湿度、风和日照对心脑血管疾病发病的影响

Effects of air pressure, humidity, wind and sunshine on the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Guiyang

摘要:

目的 探讨贵阳市气压、湿度、风和日照对心脑血管疾病（CVD）发病的影响，为开展CVD的预防提供参考。方法 利用2021年9月至2022年8月贵阳市CVD发病数据和同期气平均本站气压、平均湿度、风和日照数据，分析气象因素对 CVD发病影响并探究各因素的重要性。结果 气压低于868 hPa、高于887 hPa和介于877～883 hPa之间和24 h气压下降且小于5.3 hPa时CVD存在发病风险；湿度高于81%、风力较小（<1.2 m/s）或风力大（>4m/s）、日照较少（低于3 hr）时CVD发病风险较高，低湿（<60%）不利于CVD发病。高气压和少日照分别存在5~14 d、4~25 d的滞后效应，相对湿度饱和时呈现即时效应，风力小和风力大时即时效应和滞后效应显著。在上述气象因素中，24 h变压和气压高低对CVD发病影响最明显，日照和湿度影响最弱，风和气压日较差的重要性不明确。结论 气压对CVD发病影响并非呈简单的线性关系，高湿、寡照、和风或大风时CVD发病风险高，CVD防控有必要充分考虑气象因素变化。

关键词:心脑血管疾病;气象因素;重要性分析

Abstract:

Objective To explore the effects of air pressure, humidity, wind, and sunshine on the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) in Guiyang, and to provide reference for the prevention of CVD. Methods Using CVD incidence data from September 2021 to August 2022 in Guiyang City and meteorological data including average air pressure, average humidity, wind, and sunshine during the same period, the effects of meteorological factors on CVD incidence were explored and the importance of each factor was analyzed. Results When air pressure was below 868 hPa, above 887 hPa, or between 877 and 883 hPa, and when air pressure dropped less than 5.3 hPa within 24 hours, there was a higher risk of CVD. When the humidity was above 81%, the wind speed was small (<1.2 m/s) or high (>4m/s), and there was less sunlight (less than 3 hours), the risk of CVD was higher. Low humidity (<60%) was not conducive to the onset of CVD. There were highest risks at lag 5~10 days and 4-25 days for high pressure and low sunlight, respectively. When the relative humidity was saturated, there was an immediate effect. When the wind speed was low and high, the immediate effect and hysteresis effects were significant. Among the above meteorological factors, the impact of 24-hour variation of pressure and high or low atmospheric pressure on the incidence of CVD was the most significant, while the impact of sunlight and humidity was the weakest. The impact of diurnal variations in wind and atmospheric pressure was not clear. Conclusion The impact of air pressure on the incidence of CVD does not exhibit a simple linear relationship. The risk of CVD is high in high humidity, low light, and moderate or strong winds. It is necessary to fully consider changes in meteorological factors for CVD prevention and control.

Key words:Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases ; Meteorological factors ; Significance analysis