某汽车制造厂职业性噪声暴露所致听力损失风险评估
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郝珂璐,在读公共卫生硕士研究生,主要研究方向

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R135

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Risk assessment of hearing loss caused by occupational noise exposure in an automobile manufacturing plant
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    摘要:

    目的 评估天津市某汽车制造厂噪声作业工人接触噪声暴露所致听力损失的风险,进行风险管控。方法 于2023年7月-12月进行职业卫生现场调查和噪声暴露测量,收集体检资料,采用ISO 1999:2013(E)Acoustics-Estimation of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss和WS/T754-2016《噪声职业病危害风险管理指南》预测作业工人发生高频听力损失(high frequency hearing loss, HFHL)和职业性噪声聋(occupational noise-induced deafness, ONID)的风险,并做出风险分级。结果 各车间的噪声强度在79.4~95.5dB(A),焊装和冲压的最大噪声强度超标。评估结果显示:噪声水平不变,随着预测年龄和工龄的增加,作业工人发生HFHL和ONID的风险也随之增加。预测40岁以后,焊装作业工人发生听力损失的最大风险为高风险,冲压作业工人为较高风险,提示焊装和冲压为该企业噪声危害关键控制岗。总装和涂装作业工人在各个频率上的潜在噪声引起的永久性听阈位移的N50预测值均低于实测值。结论 该汽车制造厂的焊装和冲压车间噪声作业工人的听力损失后果较为严重,需要进行风险管理。

    Abstract:

    Objective To assess the risk of hearing loss caused by occupational noise exposure in workers in an automobile manufacturing plant in Tianjin, China, and to perform risk management. Methods Occupational health field investigation and noise exposure measurements were conducted from July to December 2023, and physical examination data were collected. ISO 1999:2013(E) Acoustics-Estimation of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and WS/T 754-2016 “Guidelines for Risk Management of Occupational Disease Hazards Caused by Noise” were used to predict the risk of high-frequency hearing loss and occupational noise induced deafness for operational workers and make a risk classification. Results The noise intensity of each workshop was 79.4 to 95.5 dB(A), and the maximum noise intensity of welding and stamping exceeded the standard. The results of the assessment showed that the noise level remained unchanged, and the risk of HFHL and ONID in workers increased as the predicted age and length of service increased. It was predicted that after the age of 40, the maximum risk of hearing loss in welding workers would be high risk, and the risk of stamping workers would be at higher risk, suggesting that welding and stamping were the key control posts of noise hazards in the enterprise. The N50 prediction values of permanent hearing threshold displacement caused by potential noise at all frequencies for final assembly and painting workers were lower than the measured values. Conclusion The consequences of hearing loss for workers in the welding and stamping shop noise operations at this automobile manufacturing plant are relatively serious and require risk management.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-05
  • 最后修改日期:2024-12-05
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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-01-15
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