2019—2023年连云港市PM2.5中多环芳烃的季节分布特征、来源解析和健康风险评估
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曹胜男,硕士研究生,主治医师,主要研究方向:环境卫生

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R122

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Seasonal distribution characteristics, source analysis and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 in Lianyungang City in 2019 - 2023
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    摘要:

    目的 研究连云港市 PM2.5 中多环芳烃(PAHs)的季节分布特征,分析PAHs的污染来源,评估不同季节PAHs的健康风险。方法 2019年1月至 2023年12月每月10-16日定期采集PM2.5 样本,使用高效液相色谱仪测定16 种 PAHs,应用Kruskal-Wallis H 检验比较不同年份及季节PM2.5和PAHs浓度差异,利用特征比值和主成分分析(PCA)进行PAHs来源解析。使用BaP等效当量法及累计终生癌症风险(ILCR)模型评估健康风险。结果 2019-2023年连云港市PM2.5和BaP年超标率呈现下降趋势。PM2.5、总PAHs、PAHs单体(除Ace、Flu、Acy)均表现出明显的季节差异,冬季浓度最高(P<0.001);全年4环PAHs平均占比最高,2环PAHs占比最低,冬春季5-6环PAHs占比相对较高;PM2.5、PAHs与温度、相对湿度、降水量基本呈现负相关,与大气压基本呈现正相关,PM2.5与风速呈现负相关,部分PAHs单体与风速呈现正相关;特征比值和PCA结果显示连云港市PAHs的主要来源为道路扬尘和机动车排放混合源、石油污染源、生物质燃烧源; ILCR结果发现成人最高,男性略高于女性,连云港9岁以上人群的冬季ILCR最大值均>10-6。结论 连云港市PM2.5 中PAHs的主要来源为道路扬尘和机动车排放混合源、石油污染源、生物质燃烧源,在当前PM2.5 中PAHs暴露水平下,居民存在一定的潜在致癌风险。

    Abstract:

    Objective To study the seasonal distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 in Lianyungang City, and analyze the sources of PAHs pollution, and to evaluate the health risks of PAHs in different seasons. Methods PM2.5 samples were collected regularly from January 2019 to December 2023, and 16 types of PAHs were determined by HPLC. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the concentrations of PM2.5 and PAHs in different years and seasons. The source of PAHs was analyzed by characteristic ratio and principal component analysis (PCA). Health risks were assessed using the BaP equivalent method and the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model. Results The annual exceedance rates of PM2.5 and BaP in Lianyungang showed a decreasing trend from 2019 to 2023. PM2.5, total PAHs and PAHs monomers (except Ace, Flu and Acy) all showed significant seasonal differences, with the highest concentration in winter (P<0.001). The average proportion of 4-ring PAHs was the highest and the average proportion of 2-ring PAHs was the lowest. The proportion of 5-6 ring PAHs was relatively high in winter and spring. PM2.5and PAHs were negatively correlated with temperature, relative humidity and precipitation, and were positively correlated with atmospheric pressure. PM2.5 was negatively correlated with wind speed, while some PAHs monomers were positively correlated with wind speed. The characteristic ratio and PCA results showed that the main sources of PAHs in Lianyungang City were mixed sources of road dust and vehicle emissions, oil pollution sources and biomass combustion sources. The results of ILCR showed that the highest risk was found in adults, with males slightly higher than females. In Lianyungang, the maximum value of ILCR in winter was more than 10-6 in people over 9 years old. Conclusion The main sources of PAHs in PM2.5 in Lianyungang City are mixed sources of road dust and vehicle emissions, oil pollution sources, and biomass combustion sources. Under the current exposure level of PAHs in PM2.5, residents have a certain potential carcinogenic risk.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-03
  • 最后修改日期:2024-12-03
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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-01-15
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