2016—2022年北京市海淀区诺如病毒暴发疫情流行病学特征分析
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郭黎,硕士研究生,副主任医师,主要研究传染病和卫生应急工作

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R181

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Epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreaks in Haidian District, Beijing in 2016 - 2022
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    摘要:

    目的 对北京市海淀区诺如病毒暴发疫情进行流行病学特征分析,为疫情防控提供参考依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法,对2016—2022年报告的诺如病毒暴发疫情资料进行整理和统计分析。结果 海淀区共报告26起诺如病毒暴发疫情,累计病例1595例,罹患率M(QR)为8.23(16.33)%;诺如病毒GⅡ型24起(占92.31%),GI型1起(占3.85%),GI/GⅡ混合感染型(占3.85%);3月和4月疫情数最多,为17起,占65.38%;11月和12月报告病例数最多,为785例,占44.92%,病例年龄M(QR)为18(14)岁。不同年龄组的阳性样本检出率有统计学意义(c2=12.021,P=0.007),26起疫情主要分布在学校、学前机构、企事业单位等集体单位;食源性传播相关的暴发疫情共11起,病例数923例,占57.87%,腹泻与病例年龄呈正相关(rs=0.572,P<0.001),呕吐与病例年龄呈负相关(rs=-0,187,P<0.001);首发病例出现急性胃肠炎症状至疫情上报的时间间隔与疫情持续时间呈正相关(rs=0.586,P=0.002)。结论 加强学校(大、中、小学)等单位的诺如病毒防控工作,严格落实厨工的健康监测和定期筛查,开展宣传教育,尽早发现病例,及时上报疫情,有效缩小疫情规模,防止疫情蔓延。

    Abstract:

    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreaks in Haidian District, Beijing, and to provide a reference for epidemic prevention and control. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to organize and statistically analyze the norovirus outbreak data reported from 2016 to 2022. Results A total of 26 outbreaks of norovirus were reported in Haidian District, with a total of 1595 cases and an attack rate M (QR) of 8.23 (16.33)%. There were 24 cases of norovirus type GII (92.31%), 1 case of type GI (3.85%), and 1 case of mixed infection of virus type GI/GII (3.85%). The highest number of reported outbreaks occurred in March and April, with 17 cases, accounting for 65.38%. The highest number of reported cases was in November and December, with 785 cases, accounting for 44.92%. The case age M (QR) was 18 (14) years old. The detection rate of positive samples in different age groups had statistical significance( c2 =12.021, P=0.007). The 26 outbreaks were mainly distributed in collective units such as schools, preschool institutions, and enterprises and institutions. There were a total of 11 outbreaks related to foodborne transmission, with 923 cases, accounting for 57.87%. Diarrhea was positively correlated with the age of the cases (rs=0.572, P<0.001), while vomiting was negatively correlated with the age of the cases (rs=-0187, P<0.001). The time interval between the onset of acute gastroenteritis symptoms in the first case and the reporting of the epidemic was positively correlated with the duration of the epidemic (rs=0.586, P=0.002). Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of norovirus in schools (primary and secondary schools and colleges), strictly implement health monitoring and regular screening for kitchen workers, carry out publicity and education, detect cases as early as possible, report the epidemic in a timely manner, and effectively reduce the scale of the epidemic and prevent its spread.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-03
  • 最后修改日期:2024-12-03
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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-01-15
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