水生动物携带的冠状病毒公共卫生学意义

Public health significance of coronaviruses carried by aquatic animals

摘要:

本文综述了海洋哺乳动物、鼬科类、鱼类、水禽等水生动物冠状病毒和感染后的症状，分析冠状病毒在水体环境中的活性和传播，比较水生动物冠状病毒与SARS-CoV-2的同源性，并评估人畜共患风险。结果显示：水生动物冠状病毒主要为α、γ、δ冠状病毒以及Alphaletovirus。SARS?CoV?2与海洋哺乳动物冠状病毒相似度较高（51.90%~52.30%），与鱼、貂、鸭、鹅冠状病毒相似度较低（43.30%~47.90%）。貂类以及海洋哺乳动物携带的冠状病毒对人类的风险较大，鱼类和禽类冠状病毒对人类的风险较小。通过阐述水生动物冠状病毒感染情况，有利于解决预防和控制冠状病毒疫情等问题，对生态系统和公共卫生具有重要意义。

Abstract:

This paper reviews the coronavirus species and post-infection symptoms of aquatic animals such as marine mammals, ferrets, fish, and waterfowl, analyzes the activity and transmission of coronaviruses in the aquatic environment, compares the homology of aquatic coronaviruses with SARS-CoV-2, and assesses the zoonotic risk. The results showed that aquatic animal coronaviruses were mainly α, γ, δ coronavirus and Alphaletovirus. SARS?CoV?2 is more similar to marine mammal coronavirus (51.90%-52.30%) and less similar to fish, mink, duck and goose coronavirus (43.30%-47.90%). The risk of transmission of coronaviruses carried by minks and marine mammals to humans is relatively greater, and from fish and waterfowl to humans is relatively small. By elaborating on the situation of coronavirus infection in aquatic animals, this paper is conducive to solving related issues such as the prevention and control of coronavirus epidemics, which is of great significance to ecosystems and public health.