儿童氟斑牙患病率与膳食营养素摄入的相关性研究

Correlation between the prevalence of dental fluorosis and dietary nutrient intake in children

摘要:

目的 探讨儿童氟斑牙患病率与膳食营养素的摄入之间的关系。方法 在陕西省大荔、富平、泾阳随机抽取改水时间大于5年的饮用水水氟超标病区村，患有氟斑牙的8-12岁儿童81名（男34名，女47名），采用Dean’s法进行氟斑牙的诊断。按1:1病例-对照研究方法，选择非氟斑牙（对照组）的8-12岁儿童81名（男34名，女47名），进行连续3天的“双份饭法”进行调查。比较两组儿童膳食营养元素的摄入量的差别。结果 两组儿童尿氟差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；与对照组相比，氟斑牙组膳食维生素C、维生素E、钙、镁、铁、锌、铜、磷、硒摄入量均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；儿童氟斑牙患病Logistic回归分析结果表明，膳食营养素镁与氟斑牙发病有关。结论 在一定范围内，膳食镁是儿童氟斑牙患病的保护性因素，建议水氟超标地区的学龄儿童在膳食中补充镁元素。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the correlation between the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children and the intake of dietary nutrients. Methods A total of 81 children aged 8-12 (34 males and 47 females) with fluorosis were randomly selected in the districts of Daxu, Fuping, and Fuyang in Shaanxi Province where the drinking water had been changed for more than 5 years. The diagnosis of dental fluorosis was carried out using Dean's method. According to the 1:1 case-control study method, 81 children aged 8-12 (34 males and 47 females) without dental fluorosis were selected as a control group. A "double meal method" was employed for dietary investigation for 3 consecutive days. The differences in dietary nutrient intake between the two groups of children were analyzed and compared. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the difference in the dietary intake of vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, phosphorus, and selenium in the fluorosis group was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The logistic regression analysis of the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children showed that the dietary nutrient magnesium was associated with the onset of dental fluorosis. Conclusion Within a certain range, dietary magnesium is a protective factor for children with dental fluorosis. It is suggested that school-age children in areas with excessive water fluoride should be supplemented with sufficient magnesium in their diets.