某整车制造企业上岗前职业健康检查职业禁忌证检出情况分析

Analysis on the detection of occupational contraindications in pre-employment occupational health examination of a vehicle manufacturing enterprise

摘要:

目的 分析企业上岗前职业健康检查中职业禁忌证的检出水平、分布特征，为相关职能部门加强企业接触职业病危害因素人员的管控提供参考。方法 收集某整车制造企业2018年9月至2020年12月2626名劳动者上岗前职业健康检查的个案资料，依据标准判定结果，计算职业禁忌证检出率，分析其在不同性别、工龄和年龄等的分布情况。结果 该企业劳动者上岗前职业禁忌证检出率为13.71%，职业禁忌证检出率在性别间比较，差异无统计学意义；在年龄≥35岁组最高，为23.37%，年龄组间检出率比较（c2 =24.37，r<0.01），差异有统计学意义；在工龄≥15年组最高，为23.73%，工龄组间检出率比较（c2 =25.40，r<0.01），差异有统计学意义。结论 相关职能部门要加强汽车整车制造企业职业卫生监督管理，督促企业重视上岗前职业健康检查，并关注年龄较大（如≥35岁）和工龄较长（如≥15年）劳动者健康。

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the detection level and distribution characteristics of occupational contraindications in pre-employment occupational health examination, and to provide a reference for relevant management departments to strengthen the control of personnel exposed to occupational hazards. Methods The data of pre-employment occupational health examination of 2 626 workers in a vehicle manufacturing enterprise from September 2018 to December 2020 were collected. The detection rate of occupational contraindications was calculated according to the judgement standard, and the distribution of occupational contraindications in different gender, length of service and age was analyzed. Results The detection rate of occupational contraindications was 13.71%, and there was no significant difference between the genders. The detection rate in the 40-45 years old group was the highest (31.75%), and the difference among the different age groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 30.16, P< 0.01). Among the workers with different length of occupational employment, the detection rate was the highest in the group with 20-25 working years (30.65%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 30.20, P< 0.01). Conclusion Relevant departments should strengthen the occupational health supervision and management of vehicle manufacturing enterprises and urge enterprises to pay attention to the pre-job occupational health examination as well as the health of workers.