两种职业健康风险评估方法在某啤酒制造企业噪声评估中的应用

Application of two occupational risk assessment methods in noise assessment of a beer manufacturing enterprise

摘要:

目的 研究两种不同职业健康风险评估方法在某啤酒制造企业噪声岗位的适用性。 方法 对武汉市某啤酒制造企业的工作场所进行职业卫生学调查和职业病危害因素检测，以噪声暴露岗位LEX，8h≥80dB(A)的工人为研究对象，使用《噪声职业病危害风险管理指南》法和职业危害风险指数法对某啤酒制造企业噪声作业岗位进行风险评估，并比较两种方法的评估结果。结果 该企业噪声暴露水平在81.2~91.2dB(A)之间；指南法预测瓶装生产线灌酒工及贴标工在接触噪声35年后发生高频听损和噪声聋的风险为高风险，洗瓶、验瓶、装箱及听装生产线上瓶、灌酒工为中等风险，瓶装生产线做箱、堆垛及听装生产线装箱堆垛为低风险，职业危害风险指数法评估结果显示，瓶装生产线上瓶工、灌酒工、验酒工、贴标工及装箱工风险等级为中等风险，其他岗位为低风险。结论 职业危害风险指数法对影响健康风险的各要素考虑较为全面，评估结果与指南法较为接近；指南法能定量预测高频听损与噪声聋的风险，发生听力损失的风险随暴露年数增加而升高。

Abstract:

Objective To study the applicability of two different occupational health risk assessment methods for noise positions in a beer manufacturing enterprise. Methods An occupational health investigation along with the detection of occupational hazard factors were carried out in the workplace of a beer manufacturing enterprise in Wuhan. Workers with 8-hour working day equivalent sound level (LEX,8 h) ≥ 80 dB (A) were selected as research subjects. The "Guidelines for Noise Occupational Disease Risk Management" method and occupational hazard risk index method were used to assess the risk of noise jobs in the beer manufacturing company. The assessment results of the two methods were compared. Results The noise exposure level of the enterprise was between 81.2 and 91.2dB(A). The guideline method predicted that the risk of high-frequency hearing loss and noise deafness for wine bottling workers and labelers on the bottling production line was high after 35 years exposure to noise. Washing，inspection and boxing on the bottling production line and bottling up on the canning production line were at medium risk, and others were at low risk. The evaluation results of the occupational hazard risk index method showed that the bottlers, bottling workers, wine inspectors, labelers and boxers on the bottling production line were at medium risk, and other positions were at low risk. Conclusion The occupational hazard risk index method is more comprehensive to consider all the factors of health risk, and the evaluation results are close to the "Guidelines for Noise Occupational Disease Risk Management" method. The guideline method can quantitatively predict the risk of high-frequency hearing loss and noise deafness, and the risk of hearing loss increases with the extension of years of noise exposure.