2015—2019年丹东市职业病发病情况分析

Analysis of occupational disease incidence in Dandong in 2015 - 2019

摘要:

背景 随着新版《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》的颁布、施行，职业卫生工作越来越受到国家的重视，我市迫切需要了解近年来丹东市职业病防治工作的现状，以期提出下一步的工作方案。目的 分析2015-2019年丹东市职业病发病情况，探讨发病特征和规律，为制定职业病防治措施提供理论依据。方法 收集2015-2019年丹东市职业病报告数据，利用Excel表格、SPSS统计学软件等工具进行统计学分析。结果2015-2019年丹东市共上报新发职业病病例112人，其中职业性尘肺病108人、占96.4%；中暑2人、占1.8%；职业性肿瘤1人、占0.9%；职业性皮肤病1人、占0.9%。在新发职业病报告病例中，男性111例、占99.1%，女性1例、占0.9%；不同类别职业病的报告情况随着性别的不同，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；职业病发病年龄主要集中在40-69岁，不同类别职业病的发病年龄比较，差异没有统计学意义（P＞0.05）；发病时接触工龄主要集中在11-20年，不同类别职业病的发病时接触工龄比较，差异没有统计学意义（P＞0.05）。从行业分布上来看，采矿行业报告病例最多，计87例、占77.7%；在各种经济类型的企业中均有职业病新发病例的分布，但私有企业分布较为集中，为68例、占60.7%；中小型企业的职业病新发病例报告最多，共107例、占95.5%。随行业分布的不同，各类别职业病新发病例的差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。对新发职业性尘肺病采矿业工种及接害工龄的分析发现，随接害工龄分布的不同，各类别工种职业性尘肺病新发病例的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论2015-2019年丹东市职业病新发病例中，职业性尘肺病占绝大多数，这说明职业性尘肺病依然是丹东市职业病防治工作的重点。在今后的职业病防治工作中，我们应该积极规范落实《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》，做好对重点人群、重点岗位的监督与管理，切实保护劳动者的健康。

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the incidence of occupational diseases in Dandong from 2015 to 2019, discuss the characteristics and rules of occupational diseases, and provide theoretical basis for the formulation of occupational disease prevention measures. Methods The occupational disease report data of Dandong from 2015 to 2019 were collected and analyzed by using Excel and SPSS statistical software. Results From 2015 to 2019, a total of 112 new cases of occupational diseases were reported in Dandong, including 108 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis, accounting for 96.43%. Four patients with other occupational diseases, accounting for 3.57% . Among the newly reported cases of occupational diseases, 111 cases were male, accounting for 99.10%, and one case was female, accounting for 0.89%. There were statistically significant differences in the reported conditions of different types of occupational diseases according to gender (P < 0.05). The age of onset of occupational diseases mainly concentrated in 40-69 years old, and there was no statistical significance in the age of onset of different types of occupational diseases (P > 0.05). The length of contact at the onset of the disease was mainly concentrated in 11-20 years, and there was no statistical significance in the comparison of the length of contact at the onset of different types of occupational diseases (P > 0.05). In terms of industry distribution, the mining industry reported the most cases (87 cases, accounting for 77.68%). The private enterprises were more concentrated, accounting for 68 cases, 60.71%. Small and medium-sized enterprises reported the most new cases of occupational diseases, with 107 cases, accounting for 95.54%. There was statistical significance in the new cases of occupational diseases with different industry distribution (P < 0.05). The analysis showed that there was no statistical significance in the new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis in different types of work with the different distribution of length of exposure (P > 0.05). Conclusions Occupational pneumoconiosis accounted for the majority of new cases of occupational diseases in Dandong city from 2015 to 2019, indicating that occupational pneumoconiosis is still the focus of occupational disease prevention and control in Dandong City. In the future occupational disease prevention work, we should actively standardize the implementation of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases", do a good job in the supervision and management of key groups and positions, and effectively protect the health of workers.