2010—2019年云南省昭通市食源性疾病暴发事件分析

Analysis of foodborne disease outbreaks in Zhaotong City of Yunnan Province in 2010 - 2019

摘要:

目的 了解2010-2019年云南省昭通市食源性疾病暴发情况，为昭通市预防和控制食源性疾病暴发提供决策依据。 方法 对食源性疾病暴发监测系统中2010-2019年度报告的昭通市食源性疾病暴发进行描述性分析。 结果 昭通市2010-2019年报告食源性疾病暴发82起，累计发病2060人，死亡40人；2016年暴发数最多，共12起（占14.6%）。7-10月是昭通市食源性疾病暴发的高发月份，家庭是食源性疾病暴发主要的发生场所，占63.4%。原因食品主要为野生菌，引起食源性疾病暴发39起（占47.6%），食用野生菌死亡26人，占死亡人数的65.0%。误饮误食是主要的致病环节，引发 47起（占57.3%）结论 夏秋季是昭通市食源性疾病暴发事件的高发季节，野生菌是主要的致病食品和致病因素。误饮误食是主要致病环节。建议加强食源性疾病健康教育，加强单位、学校、托幼机构等集体食堂和农村宴席等重点场所食品安全监管，在食源性疾病暴发高发季节及时发布预警干预等工作。

Abstract:

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in Zhaotong City of Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2019, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of foodborne disease outbreaks in Zhaotong City. Methods Data were collected from National Foodborne Diseases Surveillance Network during 2010-2019, and a descriptive analysis of the data was carried out. Results A total of 82 foodborne disease outbreaks were reported from 2010 to 2019, involving 2 060 cases and 40 deaths. In 2016, there were 12 (accounting for 14.63%) foodborne disease outbreaks. Foodborne disease outbreaks displayed seasonal pattern, and mainly occurred from July to October. Families were the main places of foodborne disease outbreaks, accounting for 63.41%. Poisonous mushroom was the main food for outbreaks, which caused 39 outbreaks of foodborne diseases (accounting for 47.56%）. Twenty-six people died from eating wild mushroom, accounting for 65.00% of the total deaths. Drinking and eating by mistake were the main cause of the disease, leading to 47 cases (57.31%). Conclusions Summer and Autumn are the high-risk seasons for foodborne disease outbreaks in Zhaotong City. Eating and drinking by mistake are the main cause of the disease, and eating poisonous mushroom is the predominant reason. It is necessary to strengthen food safety education, to improve food safety awareness, and to strengthen the supervision of food safety in collective canteens and issue early warning intervention in time in the season of high incidence of foodborne diseases.