2016—2020年海口市肺结核病流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Haikou from 2016 to 2020

摘要:

目的 分析海口市2016—2020年肺结核的流行特征，为本地区的结核病防控措施工作的落实提供理论支持。方法 收集2016-2020年海口市登记管理的活动性肺结核患者数据，分析5年内海口市肺结核登记率情况，并对比不同性别、不同年龄段、不同民族和不同职业间的肺结核病登记率情况。结果 2016-2020年海口市共登记肺结核病例3256例，年均肺结核登记率为27.09/10 万，呈逐渐降低趋势，其中 2016年发病率最高（34.99/10 万），2020年最低（17.99/10 万）。不同性别的肺结核登记率对比，男性肺结核登记率明显高于女性，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。不同年龄段肺结核登记率对比，0～14岁组报告发病率最低，60岁以上人群的登记率最高，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。2016-2020年间，不同民族间肺结核登记率中最高的为汉族（92.63%），其次分别为黎族（3.53%）、苗族（2.09%）、回族（1.14%）以及其他（0.61%）。肺结核病登记率最高的三种职业为农民、待业以及工人，分别为55.80%、14.74%、8.88%。结论 海口市肺结核登记率整体呈下降趋势，且防控工作需要重点关注男性、老年、汉族以农民群体，从而更好地防治本地区的结核病疫情。

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Haikou from 2016 to 2020, and to provide theoretical support for the implementation of TB prevention and control measures in this region.Methods Collect data of active tuberculosis patients registered and managed in Haikou for 2016-2020 years, analyze the registration rate of tuberculosis in Haikou in 5 years.Comparison of tuberculosis registration rates among different gender, age groups, nationalities and occupation.Results In 2016-2020 years, 3256 cases of tuberculosis were registered in Haikou. The average annual TB registration rate was 27.09/10 million, showing a gradual decrease. The incidence rate was the highest in 2016 (34.99/10 million) and the lowest in 2020 (17.99/10 million). The registration rate of tuberculosis in men was significantly higher than that of women (P < 0.05). Compared with the registration rate of tuberculosis in different age groups, the incidence rate of the 0~14 year old group was the lowest, and the registration rate of people aged 60 or above was the highest, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). From 2016 to 2020, the highest tuberculosis registration rate among different ethnic groups was Han nationality (92.63%), followed by Li nationality (3.53%), Miao nationality (2.09%), Hui nationality (1.14%) and others (0.61%).The three highest occupation rates of tuberculosis were farmers, unemployed workers and workers, 55.80%, 14.74% and 8.88% respectively.Conclusion The registration rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in Haikou has a downward trend overall, and prevention and control work needs to focus on the male and the elderly in order to better prevent and control the epidemic of tuberculosis in this area.