乌鲁木齐市院外急救患者疾病谱及流行病学调查

Distribution and Epidemiological Characteristics of Disease Spectrum in Patients with Pre-hospital Care in Urumqi

摘要:

目的 研究乌鲁木齐市院外急救患者疾病谱及流行病学，为完善院前急救资源服务体系提供参考。方法 从乌鲁木齐市急救中心指挥系统数据库调取2019年所有接警数据，根据8个区县总接警数据采用分层抽样法抽取共计2400名患者病历信息，分析院外急救患者疾病谱，分析不同年龄、性别、季节、时间点院外急救疾病分布情况。结果 乌鲁木齐市8个区县2400名院前急救患者疾病谱前6位依次为创伤696例（29.00%）、心脑血管疾病521例（21.71%）、中毒328例（13.67%）、呼吸系统245例（10.21%）、神经系统202例（8.42%）、消化系统139例（5.79%）；男、女院前急救均以创伤、心血管疾病为主要疾病谱，男性创伤、神经系统疾病、消化系统疾病、其他疾病发生率明显高于女性（P＜0.05）；不同年龄段院外急救疾病谱创伤、心脑血管疾病、中毒、呼吸系统疾病、神经系统疾病、消化系统疾病、其他疾病等比较差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；不同季节院前急救疾病中创伤、心脑血管疾病、中毒、呼吸系统疾病、神经系统疾病、消化系统疾病分布情况比较差异有统计学差异（P＜0.05）；乌鲁木齐市院外急救呼救时间以中班时间段分布较多，为1053例（43.88%），晚班时间段分布较少，为368例（15.33%）。 结论 乌鲁木齐市院外急救疾病谱因性别、年龄、季节、时间段的不同而有所差异。相关部门应据此提升急救水平，合理分配急救资源。

Abstract:

[Objective] To investigate the distribution and epidemiological characteristics of disease spectrum in patients with pre-hospital care in Urumqi, so as to provide reference for the establishment of mature pre-hospital care system. Methods Data retrieved from Urumqi Emergency Medical Center Command System were collected, and stratified random sampling method was used to selected 2400 patients from 8 districts and counties. The disease spectrum was analyzed, then the epidemiological characteristics was analyzed from the aspects of age, gender, season and aid time. Results The top 6 diseases were trauma in 696 cases (29.00%), cardiovascular disease in 521 cases (21.71%), poisoning in 328 cases (13.67%), respiratory system disease in 245 cases (10.21%), nervous system disease in 202 cases (8.42%) and digestive system disease in 139 cases (5.79%). Trauma and cardiovascular disease were the main types of pre-hospital care for both males and females, moreover, the incidence of trauma, nervous system disease, digestive system disease and other diseases in male was significantly higher than that in female (P<0.05). The distribution of trauma, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, poisoning, respiratory disease, nervous system disease, digestive system disease and other diseases showed significant difference among patients in difference age groups (P<0.05). The distribution of trauma, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, poisoning, respiratory system diseases, nervous system disease and digestive system diseases showed significant difference in different seasons (P<0.05). The emergency calls in three shifts were the most on middle shift and were the least on night shift in Urumqi, accounting for 43.88% (1 053 / 2 400) and 15.33% (368 / 2 400). Conclusion The distribution of disease types of pre-hospital care in Urumqi varies with gender, age, season and times, so relevant departments should improve the professional abilities of first aid and allocate first aid resources reasonably.